British Virgin Islands

Sailing country, Sage Mountain rainforest and ital cooking

Why visit

The British Virgin Islands are sailing country: sixty odd islands and cays close enough together that you hop between them by boat. On land, Sage Mountain National Park on Tortola protects the last of the island’s original rainforest, and Virgin Gorda’s Baths are a genuine geological oddity. It is small, quiet and easy to travel slowly.
46/100 Mixed

The Eco Index: British Virgin Islands

10 pillars, equally weighted, from published sources. All 10 assessed. Blanks mean unverified, never estimated.

Only here Anegada is the only coral and limestone island in the Virgin Islands chain, built from reef and sand rather than volcanic rock, and about 28 feet above high tide at its highest point. It is also the only place on earth where the Anegada rock iguana still survives in the wild.

Forest cover
24.13%
Land protected
9.1%
Sea protected
0%
Organic farmland
0.4%
Found nowhere else
Anegada rock iguana, whose last population on earth is on Anegada
Renewable power
2.25%
Water from
Reverse osmosis desalination on Tortola and Virgin Gorda, plus rainwater cisterns
Tap water
Unverified
Safe drinking water
99.86%
Cleanest water
Wreck of the Rhone dive site, off Salt Island
Plastic ban
Policy announced 2018, no commencement date confirmed
Watch out for
Cruise tourism
Solo female travel
Easy
LGBTQ+ acceptance
Mixed
Low-flight access
Reachable by ferry from the US Virgin Islands (St Thomas/St John) and between islands, no flight needed
Best months
December, January, February, March, April
Getting around
Ferry between the islands
Power
Type A/B, 110V
Currency
US Dollar (USD)
PillarScoreWhat we found
WaterWhere the water comes from, and whether there is enough of it2/5

The British Virgin Islands have no natural freshwater sources of consequence, so supply depends on reverse osmosis desalination, on Tortola and Virgin Gorda for the public system, with a pl…

Full assessment

nt on Jost Van Dyke. Many households also collect rainwater into cisterns.

If you are on a boat you are on a fixed tank, so fresh water is countable. On land, cisterns are everywhere but private tanks can carry bacterial contamination if they are not maintained, and we found no official statement that the tap is potable, so ask where you are staying.

Food and farmingWhat the island actually grows, and what arrives by boat2/5

The territory imports the great majority of its food and knows it.

Full assessment

The Virgin Islands Food Security and Sustainability Act 2022 has been passed, and food security is written into the National Sustainable Development Plan, Vision 2036, launched in February 2023.

We are not printing a headline import percentage. The figures in circulation, over 90 per cent and about 98 per cent of produce, could not be confirmed at source, and one article said to carry the ministerial quote does not contain it. The intent and the legislation are verified. The number is not.

Plant based and real foodWhether you can eat unprocessed from local supply1/5

We could not verify a named public produce market with days and location for the BVI, so we will not pretend there is a local food scene to build a trip around.

Full assessment

This is a sailing destination where provisioning is largely imported. Eat well, but do it with your eyes open.

OrganicCertified and chemical free growing, which is not the same thing as plant based2/5

One genuinely good operation carries this pillar.

Full assessment

Good Moon Farm on the north side of Tortola describes itself as a family owned regenerative organic farm, growing leafy crops and tropical fruit, planting by the lunar calendar, fertilising with natural manures and keeping the soil free of insecticides. It does farm boxes delivered anywhere in the territory, farm tours and farm to table dinners by appointment.

Beyond that we found no certified organic producer, and the territory imports the great majority of its food. The Virgin Islands Food Security and Sustainability Act 2022 has been passed and food security is written into the national development plan, so the intent is there. The production is not yet.

ConservationWhat is protected, and whether protection is enforced3/5

The framework is broad. The National Parks Trust manages 19 land based national parks, five of which are bird sanctuaries, plus one marine park.

Full assessment

Separately the Conservation and Fisheries Department oversees 14 fisheries protected areas, and Agriculture manages six watershed protected areas and one forestry area. Anegada holds the Ramsar designated Western Salt Ponds, and Sage Mountain on Tortola, at 585 metres, is the highest point in the territory.

One number frames how much is actually known: of 3,315 native species recorded, only 360, or 11 per cent, have been evaluated against IUCN criteria, and 47 of those are Globally Threatened. Horseshoe Reef off Anegada is a designated marine conservation area where anchoring is prohibited, and using the mooring buoys rather than dropping an anchor is the single most useful thing a visitor does here.

Wildlife and endemicsWhat lives here and nowhere else on earth4/5

Eight of the 31 indigenous amphibian and reptile species are endemic, along with nine vascular plants found only here or nearly so.

Full assessment

Anegada is the whole story. It holds the last remaining population on earth of the Critically Endangered Anegada rock iguana. The National Parks Trust set up the Anegada Iguana Headstart Facility in 1997 when the wild population had fallen to under 200 individuals. Hatchlings are found in annual nesting surveys, reared away from feral cats, and released once big enough to survive. The Trust is producing environmental education materials for local schools and working with the Anegada community on removing the cats.

The Trust also says the iguanas should be handled as little as possible, and does not advertise the facility as an attraction. Respect that.

Natural materialsWhat you can eat from and carry here instead of plastic, and who still makes it2/5

We are scoring this low and explaining why, because the BVI's material tradition is real but it is not something you can put in your bag.

Full assessment

The Tortola sloop is the territory's defining plant material craft. These trading sloops were built here from as early as the 18th century, carrying passengers and cargo between the islands and making the BVI a major supplier of cattle and produce to the US Virgin Islands. They were built from local white cedar, the national tree, typically around 20 feet with movable rock ballast.

But only three traditionally built Tortola boats remain. Youth Instructor, built by East End boatbuilder Osmond Davies in 2003, sank in Hurricane Irma in 2017 and was raised, repaired and relaunched in 2020 by the Virgin Islands Sloop Foundation, which named 2025 the Year of the Sloop. That is a revival and preservation project, not a craft economy you can buy into, and it is the honest difference between here and Bequia.

We found no verified basketry, gourd or straw tradition still working in the BVI. If you know one, tell us.

Pollution and plasticPlastic law and contamination2/5

Be careful with what you read about plastic here.

Full assessment

A minister announced plans to ban plastic straws and Styrofoam imports on 4 September 2018, and Cabinet is reported to have agreed a policy on 8 November 2018 covering non compostable food containers and non biodegradable single use bags. We could find no named Act, Ordinance or Regulation with a commencement date, so this is policy announced rather than a ban in force.

Waste is a documented failure. The incinerator at Pockwood Pond on Tortola has been offline since a fire in February 2021, and landfill fires have been frequent since, worst for First District residents. On the better side, recycling centres have been operating on Tortola and Virgin Gorda since 2019 through the We Recycle programme with Green VI, which estimates 40 to 50 per cent of BVI waste is compostable.

Recycling and wasteWhat actually happens to the rubbish once you have thrown it away2/5

Split between a real failure and a real effort.

Full assessment

The incinerator at Pockwood Pond on Tortola has been offline since a fire in February 2021, and landfill fires have been frequent since, worst for First District residents. Fixing it has been repeatedly named a government priority.

Against that, recycling centres have been fully operational on Tortola and Virgin Gorda since 2019 through the We Recycle programme run with Green VI, under a waste management strategy approved for phased implementation. Green VI estimates 40 to 50 per cent of BVI waste is compostable, and that composting could halve what goes to the incinerator or the dumpsites.

Culture and peopleIndigenous and living communities, and who the money reaches3/5

The living heritage work here is maritime and conservation led rather than village craft.

Full assessment

The Virgin Islands Sloop Foundation preserves and sails the last traditionally built Tortola boats, with public programming, and named boats and builders are on the record: Sea Moon and Moon Beam by Anegada boatbuilder Watson White, Youth Instructor by Osmond Davies.

On Anegada, the National Parks Trust's iguana work is tied into local schools and into working with the community on feral cat removal, which is a genuine community conservation link even though it is not set up as a visitor pays experience.

We looked for Amerindian archaeological sites and for a documented living Anegada fishing tradition and could not verify either, so we are not claiming them.

Before you go

If you are sailing, your water is whatever is in the tank, and Horseshoe Reef is a marine conservation area where anchoring is prohibited. Use the mooring buoys. Anchor damage is the main harm visitors do here.

Do not assume a single use plastic ban is in force, because we could not find one enacted. Bring your own bag and bottle regardless.

On Anegada, the iguana headstart facility is conservation work rather than an attraction, and the Trust asks that the animals are handled as little as possible.

Where these figures come from
  • Water Online, British Virgin Islands freshwater dependence source
  • Consolidated Water, Jost Van Dyke plant source
  • Government of the Virgin Islands, Food Security and Sustainability Act passed source
  • UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum, British Virgin Islands source
  • BVI National Parks Trust, Anegada iguana headstart facility source
  • International Iguana Foundation, Anegada rock iguana source
  • Virgin Islands Sloop Foundation, the story of the Tortola boat source
  • Nanny Cay, Youth Instructor repaired and relaunched source
  • Government of the Virgin Islands, plans to ban plastic straws and Styrofoam source
  • The BVI Beacon, Cabinet approves Styrofoam and plastic ban source
  • Green VI, waste and We Recycle source
  • Virgin Islands News Online, incinerator repair a top priority source
  • Caribbean Journal, Anegada the flattest island source
  • [Statistics — sourced 2026]
  • Forest cover 24.1% — World Bank, 2023
  • Renewable electricity 2.3% — World Bank EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, 2021
  • Drinking water 99.9% (at least basic) — WHO/UNICEF JMP via World Bank, 2024
  • Organic farmland 0.4% — FiBL/IFOAM, 2020
  • Local_Staples: Caribbean Travel & Tours
  • Market_Days: The Nautical Nomad; BVI Insider
  • Natural_Phenomena: Govt of the Virgin Islands
  • Stat sources: https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/VGB/indicator/ER.LND.PTLD.ZS?format=json&per_page=60&date=2000:2023 ; https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/VGB/indicator/ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS?format=json&per_page=60&date=2000:2023 ; https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/british-virgin-islands/safety-and-security ; https://www.worldstandards.eu/electricity/plug-voltage-by-country/british-virgin-islands/ ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands ; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Romney ; source
Featured stay in British Virgin Islands Cooper Island Beach Club

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Best time to go

December to April is the dry, breezy sailing season. Hurricane season runs June to November. The islands are quietest and cheapest in the shoulder months of May and late November.

Getting there

Fly into Terrance B. Lettsome International (EIS) on Beef Island, or take the ferry from St Thomas in the US Virgin Islands. Between islands you travel by ferry or boat, which is half the pleasure.

Water in this area

The Water and Sewerage Department delivers water supply and sewage-disposal services across the British Virgin Islands.

Supplier
Water and Sewerage Department
Regulator
Ministry of Communications and Works (Govt of the Virgin Islands)

Sources: Water and Sewerage Department

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